Disconnect all external devices or peripherals like USB drives, printer cables, and media cards (SD/xD).Ĥ. Disconnect the AC adapter or power cord, and remove the battery (for Dell laptop PCs).ģ. Thanks in advance for any tips! I love this laptop and would really like to save it.Ģ. Does anyone know the trick how to fix it? Is there a way to install BIOS while the laptop is shut down? A particular key combination that should work? Is it rather a short on the board or a damaged part? There is only one RAM installed, I tried taking that out and putting it back in. I have taken out the battery and cmos, held power for several minutes to discharge, even left it all over night before putting it back together. Tried the ctrl+esc/powercord BIOS startup, no change. When the usual repeated shutdown-startup trick wouldn't work, I tried various key combinations with power button or with ctrl or fn. It doesn't even seem to boot that far. Power + fn returns a signal: 4x short tune followed by 4x beep. So now, on trying to startup, lights go on, fan goes on, black screen, nothing further - can't get into BIOS setup, not with F2 and no reaction with any other key. ![]() Holding power + D for video diagnostics also shows no issues. The light signal is now 2x amber and 5x white. But after shutting down after diagnostics, it never started up again until now. I then wanted to restart the laptop to try resetting BIOS, reinstalling BIOS, resetting the entire system if necessary. Eventually got it to start, ran diagnostics. Until I started it without the power cord for the first time, solely running on battery. Then replaced the battery and cmos battery and initially thought this had fixed the issue - laptop was running perfectly. At this stage the battery had already been dead a while and I was working off the power cord. After trying to shutdown and startup several times, I would get lucky and the laptop would start up, I'd have to reset time and date in BIOS, then everything would work as usual. The power light would blink 2x amber and 7x white when the laptop failed to start up. Occasional startup problems over several weeks, this started perhaps a couple of months ago. My laptop is an Inspiron 7779 2-in-1, above 3 years old, no guarantee. I've seen others complaining of similar issues, but I haven't managed to find a solution.I have researched and tried to fix this but not been able to find a solution. Very odd that 29 of these laptops are working fine and the issue is only happening on 2 machines. I'm wondering if it's a BIOS or firmware issue. ![]() I then found that after a while, when the display went to sleep, we still had the exact same issue as before. ![]() I didn't install any drivers that Windows setup didn't install. Having done that, it booted up properly with the display working. Luckily, I know that if I press Shift+F10, then type "shutdown -r -f -t 0", I can make the computer reboot. ![]() When it got to the "Hi, I'm Cortana." bit (I hate that bit), the screen was blank, but I knew the computer was working since I could hear Cortana going on and on. On Friday, I wiped one of the laptops completely (Shift+F10 during setup, diskpart, select disk 0, clean) and reinstalled Windows 10 1903. I've updated every firmware and every driver to the latest version, but that hasn't solved the issue. The only way to make the system usable again is to press and hold power and switch it off and back on again. The display is blank, the power LED is on, the keyboard backlight lights up when a key is pressed, but the laptop is unresponsive. When we leave them for a period of time, the display goes off, but more often than not they become unresponsive and won't come back on when moving the mouse or pressing keys on the keyboard. The other 2 - one a 5490 and the other 5590 haven't been working reliably since we upgraded them from Windows 1809 to 1903. We've got 31 Dell Latitude 54 laptops - 29 of which seem to be working well.
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We want to help you get back into music with the latest edition of Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ! This book is dedicated to helping you grow your knowledge about Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition. ![]() Stewart authored a best-selling calculus textbook series, including CALCULUS, CALCULUS: EARLY TRANSCENDENTALS and CALCULUS: CONCEPTS AND CONTEXTS as well as a series of successful precalculus texts.It’s been a while since you last went to an amazing concert, and we’re here to remind you just how incredible it can be. Stewart most recently served as a professor of mathematics at McMaster University, and his research focused on harmonic analysis. He conducted research at the University of London and was influenced by the famous mathematician George Polya at Stanford University. Publisher : Cengage Learning 8th edition (September 8, 2015)īest Sellers Rank: #565,939 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)ĥ0 ratings About the Author of Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition PDF Free Download Book Read less Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition PDF Book Details This manual includes worked-out solutions to every odd-numbered exercise in Multivariable Calculus, 8e (Chapters 1-11 of Calculus, 8e). ![]() Are you looking to improve your knowledge of Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ? Do you want to improve your skills in Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ? Are you earning a degree or certification in Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ? You will be satisfied reading all about Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition and sharing this knowledge with your friends and family. ![]() Hey, you! Are you ready to expand your knowledge about Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ? We know we are! We are a team of scientists and researchers who are dedicated to bringing you the latest information on Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition, and we have the latest edition of Multivariable Calculus James Stewart 8Th Edition ready to be delivered to your doorstep. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Import asset from unity storeFor more information, see Perform an action on multiple packages or feature sets. Note: You can download multiple packages with one click by using the multiple select feature. The Package Manager puts the contents of the imported Asset Store package into the Assets folder, so that you can access them from your project window A window that shows the contents of your Assets folder (Project tab) More info See in Glossary. New install Import Unity Package dialog boxĬlear any items you don’t want to import and click Import. ![]() See Importing a complete project from the Asset Store.įor all other Asset Store packages, the Import Unity Package window displays all the items already selected in the package, ready to install. If the Asset Store package is a complete project, a confirmation dialog appears. When the download finishes, the Package Manager replaces Download with Re-Download, and an Import button appears next to Re-Download.Ĭlick the Import button to import the selected Asset Store package. You can click the Play button to continue. Click the Pause button to pause downloading.Click the Cancel button to stop the download entirely.These buttons give you control over the download progress: Download progress, and buttons to control the progress While the Asset Store package downloads to your computer, a progress bar appears and Pause and Cancel buttons replace the Download button you clicked. Download button in the corner of the details view ![]() Otherwise, the Import button appears instead and you can skip to step 6 to import the Asset Store package right away.Ĭlick the Download button to download the Asset Store package if it appears in the details view. If you haven’t downloaded the Asset Store package to this computer or device before, the Download button appears. The Asset Store package information appears in the details view. Select the Asset Store package you want to import from the list of packages. If many Asset Store packages appear in the My Assets list, you can search for a specific Asset Store package by name or version number. The list view displays any Asset Store packages that you have purchased. However, the Unity Package Manager can also display Asset Store packages that you downloaded from the Asset Store. These packages are native to the Unity Package Manager and provide a fundamental method of delivering Unity functionality. ![]() The Unity Package Manager (UPM) can display, add, and remove packages from your project. Open the Package Manager window and select My Assets from the Packages Packages are collections of assets to be shared and re-used in Unity. More info See in Glossary package in the Package Manager window: Offers a wide variety of assets, from textures, models and animations to whole project examples, tutorials and Editor extensions. You can import an Asset Store A growing library of free and commercial assets created by Unity and members of the community. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Plastic memories 1Terminal Services is called in to recover these humanoid corpses and erase their recollections once they lose their psychological and emotional equilibrium. Wanderers are a direct threat to civilization because of their aggressive behavior and main circuit failure, which makes it difficult to pinpoint their rightful owners. They have a specified lifespan after that they will become what they refer to as explorers. Griffin, on the other hand, has a big flaw: they can’t love eternally. The debut of Griftia by SIA Corporations, on the other hand, causes mayhem in the futuristic society. In the foreseeable future, humanoid robots and mankind will coexist, and humanity will be heavily dependent on these synthetic entities to complete their daily tasks. They also have human thoughts and experiences. Androids are machines that are remarkably similar to humans in a number of ways. The child gets a position at Terminal Services, a part of SAI Corporations, the world-famous android manufacturer, thanks his father’s connections. He doesn’t really, however, waste time lamenting his loss instead, he sets out to find work. Tsukasa Mizugaki, an 18-year-old teenager, fails terribly on his college acceptance exam in the first half of Plastic Memories. ![]() Read More | Is Naruto Faster Than Luffy? Plastic Memories Season 1 Ending Explained Plastic Memories Season 2 CharactersĪs of now, there is no confirmation of characters for season 2 but here are some expected characters Isla played by Sora Amamiya (KonoSuba), Tsukasa Mizugaki performed by Yasuaki Takumi (Gamers!), Michiru Kinushima played by Chinatsu Akasaki (Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions!), Kazuki Kuwanomi played by Megumi Toyoguchi (Fullmetal Alchemist), Yasutaka Hanada played by Kenjirou Tsuda (3-gatsu no Lion), Zack performed by Sayuri Yahagi (Guin Saga), Constance played by Satoshi Hiro (Bakuman.), Eru Miru performed by Sumire Uesaka (Love, Chunibyo & Other Delusions!) Otherwise, a story about his life after Isla may be developed. If a second season is created, we can anticipate Tsukasa to strive to resurrect Isla’s memory. So, although Tsukasa loses Isla, the anime’s conclusion did express that to us. When we’re gone, our experiences are meaningless. We are born, live for quite a while, and then die. Despite the series’s suspenseful conclusion, we feel the goal of the episode was to illustrate the cycle of birth. Isla’s memories were erased at the end of Season 1 of Plastic Memories. So if we conclude a release date based on the source material then we can say plastic memories season 2 could be likely but they ended season 1 with a very satisfying conclusion, so there is a conflict between yes and no on the makers. And this is why if you talk about the source material, they have plenty of Source material to create on their own as there is no manga to be dependent upon. But in the case of plastic memories, they do not have to stick to any kind of storyline and they are independent to make their own. Usually, animes are based on some manga series so they have to stick to the plot of the manga. This means the anime does not have any kind of restrictions when we talk about the story of the show. SeasonsĪs mentioned plastic memory anime is not dependent on any kind of manga. ![]() This reduces the possibility of obtaining a new season. Plastic Memory is an independent animated series with no subject matter (manga, light novel, etc.) and thus finished with a very satisfying conclusion. The most likely date for the release of Plastic Memories Season 2 is 2023. Season 1 finished in 2015, and there isn’t even any word about a sequel since then. Plastic Memories Season 2 is still to be officially renewed. However, the series’ makers have yet to clarify whether or not it would be a Plastic Memories Season 2 for viewers. People have been waiting for news of the show’s revival since the final scene. The series aired in Japan for 12 episodes till June 28, 2018. ![]() Plastic Memories requires an OVA rather than a second season. 7.4 out of 10 is a decent grade for this program. The series is incredibly popular, with a large following. Meanwhile, there are some rumors that the anime will come back. Here’s what we know about Plastic Memories Season 2 Release Date. The final episode was released about a decade ago, and fans are looking forward to hearing if the show will be renewed. Plastic Memories is an animated show about a sci-fi comic tale. This is a multi-genre show that premiered in April of 2018. In Japan, Plastic Memories are referred to as ‘Purasutikku Memorizu.’ Yoshiyuki Fujiwara directs and Doga Kobo sponsored this program. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Gta wasted sound affects![]() Jobs can be initiated by visiting and touching a ringing telephone box, with each level's set of jobs on offer being unique. However, the more typical means to achieve their target is to perform tasks for the level's local crime syndicate. Points can be gained from anything, such as causing death and destruction amid the traffic in the city, completing special challenges, or stealing and selling cars for profit. The player is free to do whatever they want, but have limited lives upon doing so. In each level, the player's ultimate objective is to reach a target number of points, which starts at $1,000,000 but becomes higher in the later levels, and then reach the level's "goal" to complete the stage. Players begin a game choosing a character from among eight-four in the PlayStation version-and naming them, though the choice is purely aesthetic, and does not affect the overall gameplay. ![]() The progression is linear, as each level completed automatically unlocks the next one in the chain. Grand Theft Auto is made up of six levels split between three main cities each locale is based on a real-life city in the United States, with an alternative name: Liberty City ( New York City), San Andreas ( San Francisco), and Vice City ( Miami). Gameplay Gameplay image, showing the top-down view in Liberty City The first sequel in the series, Grand Theft Auto 2, was released in October 1999. The success of Grand Theft Auto spawned a series of games which built upon the original's gameplay and themes the Grand Theft Auto series has since become one of the most popular and best-selling video game franchises of all time. Two expansions taking place in 1960s England, Grand Theft Auto: London 1969 and Grand Theft Auto: London 1961, were launched in 1999. Over time, it has been recognised as one of the greatest video games. ![]() While the graphics and controls were criticised, the entertainment value, sound design and freedom of the gameplay were praised. Grand Theft Auto was met with mixed reviews upon release, but was a commercial success. ![]() The game's marketing campaign, organised by publicist Max Clifford, exploited this stirring of controversy as free promotion. Grand Theft Auto created a great deal of controversy even before its launch due to its violent content, with discussions taking place in the British House of Lords about banning its sale. The development team worked to ensure that the player would have the freedom to play however they intend. However, the game was considered dull, and the concept of playing as a criminal was adopted. Grand Theft Auto began development as a game titled Race 'n' Chase, in which the player controlled a police officer pursuing criminals. Said points are gathered by completing various missions throughout each city, although the player can gather the points through other means as well. The gameplay is presented from a top-down perspective and takes place within an open-world environment in which the player is required to gather a certain number of points (ranging in the millions) to progress through the game's chapters. The game's narrative follows a criminal who climbs in status within the criminal underworld across three fictional cities, inspired by real-life locations. It is the first title of the Grand Theft Auto series and was released in November 1997 for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows, in December 1997 for the PlayStation and in October 1999 for the Game Boy Color. Grand Theft Auto is an action-adventure video game developed by DMA Design and published by BMG Interactive. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Plans for building a cabinEspecially when you put it in the middle of the woods where moisture, mildew, and the elements can take their toll much quicker. As we love to do, we once again modified an existing Weaver Barns plan to create exactly what we wanted!Īlthough an all-wood cabin may look incredible when first built, it can require a lot of maintenance! In fact, without continually painting, caulking, and sealing the wood, an all-wood cabin can go south quickly. More than anything else, we wanted to create a highly efficient, self-sufficient, low-maintenance structure that would stand up to the test of time. ![]() “The Cottage” – Building The Perfect Small Cabin House In The Woods Today, we are excited to show you the finished build out, complete with a video tour link near the bottom of the article. Not just for friends and family to stay, but for us to get away to as well. Without a doubt, the little cabin, or “The Cottage” as we now refer to it, has become one of our favorite spaces at the farm. Especially if you can still have all of the comforts of modern living at your fingertips – all with nothing more than the woods and nature as your backdrop! The completed little cabin house at the farm. One thing is for sure, it can be a great time to read, think, plan – or simply catch up on some much needed rest. ![]() It can take you away from busy streets and traffic jams. But although it may be on the smaller size when it comes to living space, is it ever jam-packed with everything you could need to live large!Ĭabin living can certainly be rejuvenating. Of all of the projects that we have taken on at the new farm in the last year, there is little doubt that the small cabin house that now sits in the woods on the back of our property is our personal favorite.Īt just a fraction over 600 square feet, it is certainly one of the smaller buildings on the farm. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Outstanding invoices letter![]() Customers can choose a payment method that’s convenient for them, including credit or debit, ACH bank transfers, Apple PayⓇ, PayPal, or Venmo, and pay instantly online.Ģ. QuickBooks Payments makes it easy and affordable to accept a variety of payments. If your client hasn’t paid you on time, asking, “Would you prefer to pay another way?” may be all it takes to get paid on-time in the future. If they pay for everything by credit card, and you’re asking for a check, they may not ever find the time to locate their checkbook, get a stamp, and put the check in the mail. It’s an extremely common situation: a client becomes accustomed to paying for almost everything one way, only to become inconvenienced when that payment method isn’t available. ![]() How they like to pay: Offering your customers more payment options, such as credit card, eCheck, or direct ACH bank transfer, ensures that there’s no holdup for an easily avoidable reason. ![]() Make sure you know the procedure to expedite smoother, faster payment.
11/4/2023 0 Comments Live healthier![]() Unplug regularly: shut off your laptop, turn off your phone and give your brain a chance to disconnect. Or try an adaptogen like ashwagandha or holy basil, to ease anxiety and promote balance.Īnd don’t forget to target the common culprits behind stress. Swap sugary snacks for foods rich in B vitamins, magnesium, tryptophan and other stress-busting nutrients, like edamame, almond butter, hummus, Greek yogurt or guacamole. You can also use your diet to help soothe stress (and limit unhealthy choices). Make your morning latte with green tea instead of coffee it’s low in caffeine and high in soothing L-theanine. It’s more than an inconvenience studies link excess stress with sleep disturbances, obesity and a higher risk for heart disease, depression, Alzheimer’s and other conditions. Take stress seriouslyĪ healthier, happier life means eliminating – or at the very least, lowering – your stress levels. Hydrate with water free from chlorine, heavy metals, industrial chemicals and other nasties lurking in tap water with a Lifestraw water filter pitcher. We love its sleek, sustainable design that naturally makes you want to drink more. Plus, it retains essential, good-for-you minerals like magnesium and potassium. Check out the LifeStraw Home Glass Water Filter Pitcher, which safely filters out hard-to-remove microplastics, as well as bacteria, parasites, lead, mercury, PFAS, chlorine, pesticides, herbicides and other toxins. Hydrate sustainably, without plastics, with a filtered water pitcher designed to remove impurities. And they’ve made their way into bottled water studies have found microplastics in 93 percent of 11 popular bottled water brands. But bottled water is an environmental nightmare: microplastics-nearly invisible particles generated from the breakdown of plastic water bottles, straws, soda rings and other forms of plastic-have a devastating impact on marine life and human health. The Environmental Working Group shows more than 200 unregulated chemicals in the tap water of 45 states and unsafe levels of PFASs-toxins linked to high cholesterol, obesity, hormone suppression and cancer in 49 states. Here’s the catch: it has to be the right kind of water, free from chlorine, heavy metals, industrial chemicals and other nasties lurking in tap water. ![]() ![]() Hydrate, sustainablyĭrinking more water is critical for energy and brain function, and even mild dehydration can impact mood, stamina and cognitive abilities. ![]() Get creative and switch up the modes of movement you do every day. And replace your shoes, not your knees get rid of those tired old tennies and protect your joints with high-quality footwear designed for your specific activity. Inspire yourself to move more, with a revamped workout wardrobe toss that frumpy gear, and shop for fun, eco-friendly athletic wear. Mix up your routine to avoid drudgery alternate strengthening, stretching and balancing workouts like yoga and Pilates with interval training, and enlist an accountability partner to keep you honest. For a more structured routine, look for small-group in-person classes or sign up for online interactive workouts. If you’re working from home, take active breaks: run up and down the stairs, jump rope for five minutes or take the dog for a jog around the block. Shoot for at least 10,000 steps a day-a step-counting app can help you keep track-and slip more steps into your regular routine: park at the far end of the lot, skip the elevator and take the stairs, walk in place while you’re waiting in line. But if fitness center closures have put a serious strain on your daily sweat, get sneaky with exercise. It strengthens bones, boosts mood, enhances sleep and reduces the risk of disease. Regular physical movement is key to a healthier, happier life. Aim to fill half your plate with veggies at every meal. And make prep easier: pre-cut carrots, broccoli, red peppers and snow peas, and store in glass containers for super-fast salads or stir-fries. Commit to Meatless Mondays, have one vegan meal a day, trade beans for burgers or swap your cheddar with cashew cheese.Īnd no matter what, amp up the plants: fill half your plate with vegetables in a variety of colors to maximize antioxidants, top salads with beans and pumpkin seeds, add a handful of spinach to smoothies, sub cauliflower rice for white rice, munch on blackberries instead of movie popcorn. You don’t have to go totally vegan even cutting back on animal products promotes both health and sustainability. Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and legumes are high in fiber, antioxidants and other nutrients, and a plant-based diet is linked with a lower risk of disease and increased longevity. But so too can eating plenty of plants every day. Sure, houseplants can make you healthier and happier. Heading out the door? Read this article on the new Outside+ app available now on iOS devices for members! 11/4/2023 0 Comments Norton 360 premium cost![]() ![]() The Android robot is reproduced or modified from work created and shared by Google and used according to terms described in the Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution License. Microsoft and the Window logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the U.S. Alexa and all related logos are trademarks of, Inc. App Store is a service mark of Apple Inc. Mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. Android, Google Chrome, Google Play and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google, LLC. Firefox is a trademark of Mozilla Foundation. ![]() or its affiliates in the United States and other countries. NortonLifeLock, the NortonLifeLock Logo, the Checkmark Logo, Norton, LifeLock, and the LockMan Logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of NortonLifeLock Inc. LifeLock identity theft protection is not available in all countries.Ĭopyright © 2022 NortonLifeLock Inc. The Norton and LifeLock Brands are part of NortonLifeLock Inc. Norton Life Lock, 350 Ellis St, Mountain View, California - 94043, USA If you have any Question or wish to Refund and Cancel the Renewal Kindly Call us on +1 (850) 772-0377 (Toll Free) within Two working days. Norton 360 LifeLock™ Now includes Smart Firewall, Password ManagerĪnd 2GB Cloud Backup (Three Year Subscription) $199.99 $199.99ĭ eduction of amount will appear on your account within 24 hours. You will be billed from your saved card details for the annual amount of your plan upon expiration of your contract on Friday, October 22, 2021. We wanted to remind you that you've chosen the automatic renewal option. Thanks for using our Norton Security for the past one year! This was also a follow up from a similar message yesterday (which I didn't report to Norton - this one I did). I checked my credit card and there is no charge on it. This message came from a gmail account and the sending server was a google server. Obviously a scam - Norton billed my account for $104.99 + tax on 10/12 and sent me a message to that effect. Any credit monitoring from Experian and TransUnion will take several days to begin after your successful plan enrollment.I got the following message. If verification is successfully completed with Equifax, but not with Experian and/or TransUnion, as applicable, you will not receive Credit Features from such bureau(s) until the verification process is successfully completed and until then you will only receive Credit Features from Equifax. If your plan also includes Credit Features from Experian and/or TransUnion, the above verification process must also be successfully completed with Experian and/or TransUnion, as applicable. IF EITHER OF THE FOREGOING REQUIREMENTS ARE NOT MET YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE CREDIT FEATURES FROM ANY BUREAU. If you have issues adding a device, please contact us.ģ If your plan includes credit reports, scores, and/or credit monitoring features ("Credit Features"), two requirements must be met to receive said features: (i) your identity must be successfully verified with Equifax and (ii) Equifax must be able to locate your credit file and it must contain sufficient credit history information. Usage: for non-commercial household use only.Updates: your subscription may include product, service and/or protection updates, and features that may be added, modified, or removed, subject to the acceptance of the License & Services Agreement.To cancel your contract or request a refund, click here. For details, visit our Cancellation & Refund Policy. For free trial with paid monthly subscription, you can request a full refund within 14 days of being charged. For each annual renewal payment or free trial with paid annual subscription, you can request a full refund within 60 days of being charged. Cancellation & Refund: you can cancel any of your contracts and request a full refund within 60 days of purchase for annual subscriptions and within 14 days of purchase for monthly subscriptions.Annual payments are charged up to 35 days before the subscription is due to renew, and we send you a notification email with the renewal price before. Renewal Prices: may be higher than the price for the initial term and are subject to change.Renewal Cycle: automatically renews after the initial term and is billed monthly or annually depending on your billing cycle, unless the subscription renewal is cancelled before the day you are due to be charged in your account or by contacting us here or at 84.When the trial ends, the paid subscription starts and the first term is charged, unless cancelled before. Free Trial: payment method required if signing up for a free trial (credit/debit card or PayPal only).Set-up: to get the protection/service started, you must download and install on each device and/or complete set-up.Contract Type: contract for a monthly or annual subscription, starting when the transaction is complete. 11/4/2023 0 Comments Nasa meaning in science![]() “ planetary is under financial pressure because we’ve snowplowed all the problems forward,” Zurbuchen says. Such delays often stretch for years, incurring additional costs and further exacerbating budgetary woes all the while. “But then we had a hard time catching up.” NASA had to shift more resources to MSR and Clipper, leaving a mission to a metal-rich asteroid known as Psyche understaffed and ultimately causing it to miss its launch window. “That’s because we did make those choices,” Zurbuchen says. Luckily, those efforts helped ensure Perseverance’s successful launch, landing and subsequent surface operations on Mars. When the launch date for the Perseverance rover was fast approaching, for example, NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) channeled more resources into that mission-leaving MSR and Clipper depleted. Whether in terms of dollars or person-hours, such shuffling can amount to “robbing Peter to pay Paul,” as a recent audit critiqued. The space agency’s personnel are a factor, too, because scientists and engineers can be pulled away from smaller or more nascent projects to help support larger ones that are considered more urgent. NASA’s finite budget is not the only fundamental resource that can be destabilized by missions that have grown too big to fail. “But the size of these corrections and the trends-they worry me.” “We’ve never done anything like this, so there will be surprises,” says Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator of NASA’s SMD from 2016 to 2022. Yet MSR has not even reached formal confirmation yet-a milestone at which NASA codifies a mission’s technical details, cost and schedule baselines-meaning it is, in principle, still on the drawing board. Now, per Nelson’s congressional testimony, it needs another $250 million to stay on track. Its allotment from NASA’s annual budget has increased from $263 million to $653 million in fiscal year 2022 and then to $822 million in fiscal year 2023. Managing and mitigating MSR’s enormous technical risks is a key driver of the project’s skyrocketing cost. ![]() “Every one of those steps will be expensive and cannot fail-or the whole daisy chain falls apart, and you don’t get your samples back.” “It all has to work in a daisy chain,” Stern says. None of these feats have been done before, and the margin for error is razor-thin. These include fetching the samples, launching them off the surface of Mars, rendezvousing in orbit around Mars with a homeward-bound transport and safely delivering the precious specimens back to Earth in a new fashion that does not risk contamination. Now NASA and its international partners are solidifying plans for MSR’s next steps. Already, NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover is collecting samples around its landing site and dropping them in sealed, sterilized tubes for future retrieval. Those missions are not going to be easy, particularly MSR, which many experts equate to multiple flagship missions in one. But the two largest missions on the horizon-so-called flagships-are MSR, a daring effort to deliver Martian rocks to Earth, and Europa Clipper, a spacecraft eponymously named for the icy, ocean-harboring Jovian moon it will survey for signs of habitability. NASA currently operates planetary science missions across the solar system- orbiting the moon, piloting rovers and a robotic helicopter on Mars, rendezvousing spacecraft with asteroids, studying the atmosphere of Jupiter and even traversing the edges of interstellar space, to cite just a few. “But there’s a point at which it becomes overly ambitious to the extent that it’s brittle. ![]() “We have a very ambitious planetary program,” says Alan Stern, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute, who served as associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate (SMD) from 2007 to 2008. Seeing this all-too-familiar situation unfolding yet again, some space scientists are raising the alarm in hopes of somehow shoring up vulnerable missions against the coming storm. Already MSR’s “too big to fail” status is impacting other NASA projects, and rumors are flying that more severe effects still lie in store. That’s disturbing news, given the decades-long trend of NASA’s top-priority missions ballooning in cost and wreaking havoc elsewhere in the space agency’s science budget. Last month NASA administrator Bill Nelson testified to Congress that the space agency’s Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission urgently needs a quarter-billion-dollar infusion of extra cash-and that even more budget busting may be on the horizon. NASA’s planetary science program is in trouble. |
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